Date of Award

Spring 5-1-2025

Document Type

Research Paper

Department

Whittier Scholars Program

First Advisor

Jeff Hanlon

Abstract

This paper explores the historical and contemporary fluctuations in environmental policy within the United States. Emphasizing the role of political polarization in shaping legislative and regulatory outcomes within environmental policy. Through a chronological analysis of environmental policy, through legislation such as the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act, to the changing agendas of presidential administrations, the paper demonstrates that environmental protection has progressed upward in a fluctuating manner. Despite eras of regulatory rollbacks and administrative opposition, particularly during conservative presidencies, the overall trends indicate enduring support for environmental legislation. The paper further investigates the implementation challenges of California Senate Bill 1383 as a case study, illustrating how administrative effectiveness, public engagement, and unforeseen events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can significantly influence policy effectiveness. Findings suggest that while environmental policy is highly susceptible to political shifts, its advancement over time reflects a commitment to environmental protection within the United States. This analysis demonstrates the importance of maintaining civic engagement and policy advocacy, concluding that temporary setbacks within environmental governance should not be seen as permanent failures toward sustainable environmental practices and protection.

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